In the first year, ITBC and partners will launch research and development for the Climate-smart Agricultural and Forestry (CSAF) Incentives and Technical Assistance Program, focusing on Tribal Buffalo Producers. The team will design, recruit, and implement a program to reward Tribes adopting CSAF practices. ITBC will collaborate with partners to ensure the program meets Tribal needs while establishing verified CSAF practices. They will seek funding for ongoing implementation and provide reports to USDA for potential nationwide expansion. The project will also create a Tribal Buffalo Market Initiative (TBMI) to help Tribes market buffalo as a climate-smart commodity and develop sustainable programs for underserved producers.